Ophthalmic preparations are sterile products, essentially free from foreign particles, suitably compounded and packed for either topical application to the eyelids, or instillation into the space between the eyeball and eyelids. Currently available ophthalmic preparations include solutions, suspensions, ointments and flat disks. The last are designed to be held in the space between the eyeball and eyelids for continuous treatment. Most ophthalmic solutions and suspensions contain an aqueous rather than oily vehicle. Ophthalmic solutions and suspensions should be considered at par with the parenteral preparations and all precautions are taken as in case of injections. Both sections, ophthalmic and injection manufacturing employ similar added substances and manufacturing procedures. In addition to therapeutic effects, topical applications to the eye may have the effect of discomfort, pain or actual tissue damage and causes of pain directly related to the properties of the drug itself including the surface active reactions of many of the local anesthetics, heavy metals, salts etc., these potential effects are taken in consideration by the manufacturing Pharmacist during manufacturing process. Ophthalmic solutions are manufactured in sterile condition and are brilliantly clear & free from foreign particles, fibers & filaments and great care is exercised to prevent contamination in use. The methods used for sterilization are moist heat under pressure, bacterial filteration and use of chemicals.

Manufacturing & Filling of Vials
Prepare a solution of buffer, preservative and anti-oxidant in 8 liters of distilled water. Sterilize this solution at 12º centigrade for 30 minutes. Adjust pH with Sodium Hydroxide solution. Dissolve the medicament in this solution at a temperature not exceeding 40º centigrade. Make up the volume to 10 liters with water. Filter through G-4 sintered glass funnel and finally through 0.2µ membrane filter. Fill in 3ml, 5ml. or 10ml. plastic or amber glass vials under Nitrogen flushing and seal the vials immediately.